Host star — TOI-2094
- Spectral type
- M3 V
- Temperature
- 3,435 K
- Radius
- 0.38 R☉
- Mass
- 0.42 M☉
- Luminosity
- 0.018 L☉
- Distance
- 50.0 pc (163 ly)
Red dwarf — the most common type of star. Cool and small.
Very cool — a faint red dwarf.
TOI-2094 b
Orbits TOI-2094 · 163 light-years from Earth
Super-EarthTransit2026ESI 80 · Very Earth-like
Radius
1.90×
Earth
Mass
4.3×
Earth
Year
19d
Temp
276 K
3°C
Gravity
1.2×
Earth
Distance
163
ly
Could life exist here?
AI analysisTOI-2094 b is a super-Earth about 1.9 times wider than our planet, orbiting an M-dwarf star 163 light-years away. With an equilibrium temperature of 276 Kelvin, it sits just below Earth's freezing point—cold, but not impossibly so if atmospheric circulation or internal heat could warm the surface. The planet's density of 3.42 grams per cubic centimeter suggests a rocky composition similar to Earth's, though its slightly higher mass of 4.27 Earth masses implies a thicker atmosphere or denser interior that could trap additional heat. Its 18.8-day orbit brings it relatively close to its dim star, and while we cannot yet directly observe its atmosphere, the habitability score of 80 reflects promising conditions: a potentially stable climate zone is within reach. The main unknowns are whether it retains an atmosphere, whether it's tidally locked to its star, and whether liquid water exists on the surface—questions that future atmospheric spectroscopy may answer. This recently discovered world deserves close attention as the closest super-Earth analog we have to a potentially temperate zone around a red dwarf.
What it would be like
TOI-2094 b is a super-Earth — larger than our planet but likely still rocky or ice-rich. Whether it has a thin atmosphere like Mars or a crushing one like Venus remains unknown.
Surface gravity is about 1.2g — noticeably heavier what you're used to on Earth.
With an equilibrium temperature around 3°C, this planet sits in the temperature range where liquid water could potentially exist on the surface — a key ingredient for life as we know it.
An orbital period of 19 days makes the year 19.4× shorter than Earth's. You'd celebrate your birthday more often here.
Earth comparison
Logarithmic bars so Jupiter-class planets fit the same scale as Earth-size worlds.
Radius1.90R⊕
1/25×Earth = 125×
Mass4.27M⊕
1/10000×Earth = 110000×
Surface gravity1.18g
1/100×Earth = 1100×
Equilibrium temp276 K(3°C)
0 KEarth 255 K2500 K
Side-by-side with Earth
Temperature in context
Liquid N₂Mars avgEarth eq.Earth sfc.Boiling H₂OVenus
Discovery & orbit
- Method
- Transit
- Year
- 2026
- Facility
- Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS)
- Semi-major axis
- 0.1360 AU
- Period
- 18.79 days
- Eccentricity
- —
- Density
- 3.42 g/cm³
Detected by measuring the tiny dip in starlight as the planet crosses in front of its star.
Rocky composition likely. Earth is 5.51 g/cm³.
Discovered via · Transit
Tiny dip in starlight as the planet crosses in front of its star
A transit photometer watches a star nonstop and measures its brightness to ~0.01%. When a planet passes between us and the star, the star dims briefly — the deeper the dip, the bigger the planet. This is how Kepler and TESS found most known exoplanets.
- Overall share
- ~75% of all confirmed worlds
- Best for
- Earth-to-Neptune-sized planets on short orbits
Hertzsprung–Russell Diagram
Where this host star sits among … exoplanet host stars. The main sequence band runs diagonally — giants and supergiants sit above, white dwarfs below.
OBAFGKMCurrent star
How far is 163 light-years?
- A light beam leaving Earth right now would arrive in 163 years.
- At Voyager 1's speed (17 km/s), the trip would take approximately 2.9 million years.
- A radio signal sent today would arrive in 163.2 years — and the reply wouldn't come back for twice that.
Earth Similarity Index
80/1000 — Nothing like Earth100 — Identical to Earth
ESI combines radius similarity and equilibrium temperature similarity. Earth = 100. Mars ≈ 73. Venus ≈ 44. This score reflects two physical parameters only — not atmosphere, water, or magnetic field.